{"id":1772,"date":"2018-06-30T00:17:34","date_gmt":"2018-06-30T04:17:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/maxtorqueperformance.com\/?p=1772"},"modified":"2018-06-30T01:08:13","modified_gmt":"2018-06-30T05:08:13","slug":"how-to-choose-the-right-turbo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maxtorqueperformance.com\/staging\/index.php\/2018\/06\/30\/how-to-choose-the-right-turbo\/","title":{"rendered":"How To Choose The Right Turbo"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<header class=\"entry-header clearfix\">\n<div class=\"entry-meta\">\n<div class=\"avatar\"><a class=\"author crop crop-image_290_290\"              href=\"https:\/\/www.enginelabs.com\/author\/jeffsmith\/\"><img decoding=\"async\"                style=\"height: 50px;\" alt=\"\"  src=\"https:\/\/www.enginelabs.com\/wp-content\/userphoto\/jeffsmith.thumbnail.jpg\"                width=\"80\"> <\/a><\/div>\n<p>          <span class=\"byline\"> By <span class=\"author vcard\"><a                class=\"url fn n\"                href=\"https:\/\/www.enginelabs.com\/author\/jeffsmith\/\">Jeff                Smith<\/a> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"posted-on\">June 26,            2018<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"entry-content\"><strong><span style=\"text-align:left\"><\/span><\/strong>        <\/p>\n<p>You don\u2019t need us to tell you that turbochargers are hot. The          word on the street is as enticing as it is simplistic. Just          stick a turbo on it and you\u2019ll make ridiculous horsepower. We          once asked the guru of engine power, Kenny Duttweiler, \u201cHow much          power can we make with a turbo on a 6.0-liter LS?\u201d His answer          was succinct: \u201cHow much do you want to make?\u201d That meant that          four digit power numbers are achievable.\u00a0However, in the vein of          full disclosure, this won\u2019t be an easy, bolt-on, walk in the          park process. If you are motivated, it\u2019s well worth the effort.<\/p>\n<p>We latched on to the learned souls at\u00a0<a            href=\"http:\/\/www.turbobygarrett.com\" target=\"_blank\"            rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Garrett Honeywell<\/a>,\u00a0who can trace          their turbocharger lineage all the way back to 1936; it\u2019s quite          obvious they know a little bit about turbochargers. Our story          starts with someone who had already taken a stab at adding a          turbo to a 6.0-liter LS engine for a street car. Several years          ago, Justin Nall decided that a single turbo pushing air into a          used, iron 6.0L truck engine seemed like a good idea.<\/p>\n<p>His machine is a choice, Lemonwood yellow \u201966 Chevelle with a          4L80E automatic, a decent PTC converter with 3,400 stall, and a          12-bolt rearend filled with a 3.31:1 ring-and-pinion. The car is          not particularly light at 3,850 pounds. The engine sports 364          cubic-inches, with a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.compcams.com\"            target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Comp<\/a>\u00a0camshaft          measuring\u00a0\u00a0.598-inch of lift on the intake and .591-inch of lift          on the exhaust, with 234 and 230 degrees of duration at          0.050-inch, respectively. Other components include: <a            href=\"http:\/\/www.wiseco.com\" target=\"_blank\">Wiseco<\/a> 10.4:1          pistons, a set of CNC-ported production 243 heads, an <a            href=\"http:\/\/www.edelbrock.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener            noreferrer\">Edelbrock<\/a> Pro Flo intake, and a stock truck          throttle body. Overall, the combination is fairly mild. Nall          lives in Minnesota, so he puts plenty of miles on his hot rod          during the summer months.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" id=\"attachment_996585\"          style=\"width: 970px\"><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-50-27_301544.jpg\"            rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-238925];player=img;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"              class=\"size-large wp-image-239049\" style=\"display: inline;\"              alt=\"\"  src=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-50-27_301544-960x640.jpg\"              data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" height=\"640\" width=\"960\"><\/a>          <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Justin Nall\u2019s \u201966 Chevelle is a            regular competitor on autocross courses, as well as spending            lots of time on the street. He was looking for an upgrade for            his current turbo, so we plugged some numbers in to choose a            little bigger turbo.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"ad responsive-ads clearfix apply-responsive-ads          clearfix with_sidebar select-cluster_2 processed\" style=\"width:          990px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-left:          -30px; max-width: none;\" data-displayed=\"cluster_2\"          data-group-reponsive=\"desktop\" data-banner-count=\"\"          data-select-cluster=\"cluster_2\">\n<p><input class=\"ad-sizes\" value=\"cluster_1;cluster_2;cluster_3\"              type=\"hidden\"><input class=\"ad-avoid-duplicate\" value=\"1\"              type=\"hidden\"><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>At the Summer Nationals event at the state fairgrounds in          nearby St. Paul, he also has run the car on the chassis dyno.          His initial turbo package was intended as a conservative choice          to dip his toes in the turbo waters. Lately he\u2019s decided to up          the game with more horsepower, so we thought this would be an          excellent way to blaze a trail toward a more aggressive          turbocharger. The Chevelle was previously capable of over 650          rwhp, and his goal was to push this to 900 flywheel horsepower;          that puts wheel power around 800 to the rear tires. His fuel of          choice is E85, because it offers roughly 105 octane, and          the\u00a0engine really loves how the fuel cools the hot compressed          air exiting the turbo.<\/p>\n<p>We accessed Garrett\u2019s website, and discovered a wealth of          technical information that is divided into areas depending upon          your technical level of understanding. If you are just getting          into this, then the Basic area will deliver important foundation          work for you to understand the concepts. The website also offers          intermediate and advanced areas as well, so you can jump right          into the area where you are most comfortable.<\/p>\n<p>If you don\u2019t want to run through the math, Garrett also offers          its <a            href=\"https:\/\/www.turbobygarrett.com\/turbobygarrett\/boostadviser\"            target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Boost Adviser<\/a>,\u00a0which          makes the selection process a bit easier. But it\u2019s still a good          idea to read this story, because along the way we will explain          what all the terms mean and how they are used to help choose a          turbo. Many of the details we will discuss here are based on          knowing your way around a compressor map. If you\u2019re not familiar          with what this is, it\u2019s important to do a little homework by          reading all about this on Garrett\u2019s website. But we\u2019ll hit the          highlights for you here.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" id=\"attachment_996586\"          style=\"width: 970px\"><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-52-12_214709.jpg\"            rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-238925];player=img;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"              class=\"size-large wp-image-239050\" style=\"display: inline;\"              alt=\"\"  src=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-52-12_214709-960x640.jpg\"              data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" height=\"640\" width=\"960\"><noscript>&lt;img class=&#8221;size-large wp-image-239050&#8243; src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-52-12_214709-960&#215;640.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;&#8221; width=&#8221;960&#8243; height=&#8221;640&#8243; \/&gt;<\/noscript><\/a>          <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is the engine in Nall\u2019s            Chevelle. It is a basic 6.0L iron truck block engine with a            mild Comp roller, 10:1 compression, a set of ported 243 LS1            heads, and an Edelbrock Pro-Flow intake.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"ad responsive-ads clearfix apply-responsive-ads          clearfix with_sidebar select-cluster_1 processed\" style=\"width:          990px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-left:          -30px; max-width: none;\" data-displayed=\"cluster_2;cluster_1\"          data-group-reponsive=\"desktop\" data-banner-count=\"\"          data-select-cluster=\"cluster_1\">\n<p><input class=\"ad-sizes\" value=\"cluster_1;cluster_2;cluster_3\"              type=\"hidden\"><input class=\"ad-avoid-duplicate\" value=\"1\"              type=\"hidden\"><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>The Important Terminology<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A compressor map is a basic X-Y coordinate graph, yet it offers          a tremendous amount of important information. The horizontal (X)          axis of the map is expressed in airflow in pounds per minute          (lbs\/min). This is the amount of mass airflow the turbocharger          can move. Obviously, the larger the compressor housing of the          turbo, the more air it can move. There\u2019s a simple trick that          everyone uses when reading the airflow portion of this map. The          pounds per minute of air increases moving left to right. If you          multiply the lbs\/min number x 10, that will roughly represent          the amount of horsepower that airflow can deliver. So for our          goal of 900 hp, this would be represented by 90 lbs\/min of air.<\/p>\n<p>The vertical (Y) scale is expressed as a pressure ratio. This          isn\u2019t just that number times sea level air pressure (14.7 psia),          but it\u2019s very close. One way to explain this is the pressure          ratio is derived as the pressure expressed on your boost gauge          divided by the ambient air pressure. If we saw 44.1 psig on our          boost gauge and this occurred at sea level with an ambient air          pressure of 14.7 psia then dividing 44.1 by 14.7 would equal a          pressure ratio of 3.0.<\/p>\n<p>Note that we expressed the above ambient air pressure as 14.7:1          psia. The \u201ca\u201d in psia means absolute pressure. The \u201cg\u201d in psig          means pressure as read on a gauge. A typical boost gauge          represents ambient air pressure as 0, which is why we have to          label the pressure we are talking about. In absolute terms, 44.1          psig is 58.8 psia in absolute pressure (14.7 + 44.1 = 58.8).          This will become important once we start wading through the          formulas. But don\u2019t worry \u2013 it\u2019s not that difficult.<\/p>\n<p>So for Justin Nall\u2019s Chevelle, we\u2019re looking to size a turbo          with Garrett that will deliver around 900 flywheel hp. To          determine how much airflow we will need, Garrett recommends          starting by calculating the actual mass airflow. This will          reinforce what we just did with the short-cut but it\u2019s worth          running through the numbers.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" id=\"attachment_996587\"          style=\"width: 970px\"><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-54-42_202699.jpg\"            rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-238925];player=img;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"              class=\"size-large wp-image-239051\" style=\"display: inline;\"              alt=\"\"  src=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-54-42_202699-960x640.jpg\"              data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" height=\"640\" width=\"960\"><\/a>          <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nall has tested his Chevelle on the            chassis dyno several times. A previous combination with a            smaller turbo has made 650 hp at the rear wheels, and he is            looking for more power from a new turbo\u2014so with Garrett\u2019s            help, we ran the numbers\u2026<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Air Flow Required<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The initial mass airflow calculation uses several variables          that we need to know. The first is our estimated horsepower,          which is 900. Then it asks for the projected air-fuel ratio and          the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) number. The BSFC          number represents the pounds of fuel consumed per horsepower per          hour (lbs\/hp\/hr). A good, late model naturally-aspirated engine          on gasoline will use around 0.45 lbs\/hp\/hr of fuel. As the          number becomes smaller, that means the engine is more efficient          and uses less fuel to make the same amount of power.<\/p>\n<p>Because Nall is using E85, which is 85-percent ethanol, this          fuel has a lower specific heat content which means we must burn          more fuel to make the same amount of power compared to gasoline.          So for E85, the BSFC number we will use is a 0.60 number. This          means we\u2019re using roughly one-third more fuel to make the same          horsepower. This sounds terrible\u2014and it is, if we were in a fuel          economy race. But since Nall is focused on making horsepower,          this isn\u2019t all that bad. Plus, with a turbocharger, we must add          additional fuel to make sure the engine does not experience a          lean air\/fuel ratio that could damage parts. So add all that up          and a BSFC number of 0.60 will work for this application. If we          were planning on using a high-octane gasoline, a BSFC of 0.55          would be better.<\/p>\n<p>This calculated number is what we will use to reference mass          airflow on the compressor map. Since we\u2019re only using one          turbocharger, our goal will require a rather large compressor to          move all this air. If we were going with a twin-turbo package,          then this number would be divided by two.<\/p>\n<p><strong>AirFlow Requirement (Wa):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/06\/snail-selection-science-choose-right-turbo-2018-06-15_20-31-14_273409.jpg\"            rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-238925];player=img;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"              class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-239057\" style=\"display:              inline;\" alt=\"\"  src=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/06\/snail-selection-science-choose-right-turbo-2018-06-15_20-31-14_273409-960x426.jpg\"              data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" height=\"426\" width=\"960\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" id=\"attachment_996588\"          style=\"width: 865px\"><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-56-16_642048.jpg\"            rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-238925];player=img;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"              class=\"size-large wp-image-239052\" style=\"display: inline;\"              alt=\"\"  src=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-56-16_642048.jpg\"              data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" height=\"1000\" width=\"855\"><noscript>&lt;img class=&#8221;size-large wp-image-239052&#8243; src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-56-16_642048.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;&#8221; width=&#8221;855&#8243; height=&#8221;1000&#8243; \/&gt;<\/noscript><\/a>          <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is a typical compressor map. In            this case, it is for the Garrett GTX4508. We will use this map            to show the mass airflow rate across the X (or horizontal)            axis of the map. These values are mass airflow expressed in            pounds of air per minute (lbs\/min). The Y (or vertical) axis            is the pressure ratio, which is essentially the discharge            boost pressure divided by ambient air pressure. As you will            learn in our story, this value is P2c divided by P1c. In our            case, follow 108 lbs\/min to where it intersects with roughly a            pressure ratio of 3:1. You will see that this falls in the 78            percent efficiency range, which is pretty good.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"ad responsive-ads clearfix apply-responsive-ads          clearfix with_sidebar select-cluster_3 processed\" style=\"width:          990px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-left:          -30px; max-width: none;\"          data-displayed=\"cluster_2;cluster_1;cluster_3\"          data-group-reponsive=\"desktop\" data-banner-count=\"\"          data-select-cluster=\"cluster_3\">\n<p><input class=\"ad-sizes\" value=\"cluster_1;cluster_2;cluster_3\"              type=\"hidden\"><input class=\"ad-avoid-duplicate\" value=\"1\"              type=\"hidden\"><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Manifold Pressure Required<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Now that we have our lbs\/min airflow requirement, we can move          to Garrett\u2019s next step, which is to calculate the Manifold          Absolute Pressure requirement. This is possibly the most complex          part of this entire selection process, so we\u2019ll take it nice and          easy here. The variables we will need to put into the equation          include the displacement in cubic inches (364ci), the maximum          engine speed in\u00a0RPM (6,500), the engine\u2019s volumetric efficiency          (VE) that we\u2019ll discuss in a moment, and the intake manifold          inlet air temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (150\u00b0F).<\/p>\n<p>The proposed inlet air temperature is high, since we\u2019re going          to calculate this assuming we\u2019re not running an intercooler. Big          power numbers with high boost often demand an intercooler, but          to keep things simple, we\u2019re going to assume that the E85 will          help cool the incoming air, so we\u2019re going with the 150\u00b0F          number. If we lowered this inlet air temperature, this would          lower the calculated boost pressure required, so in a way, we          are being conservative.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" id=\"attachment_996590\"          style=\"width: 970px\"><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-59-15_692945.jpg\"            rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-238925];player=img;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"              class=\"size-large wp-image-239054\" style=\"display: inline;\"              alt=\"\"  src=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-59-15_692945-960x593.jpg\"              data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" height=\"593\" width=\"960\"><\/a>          <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garrett also supplies useful graphs            like this one that shows the turbine or hot side airflow of            two different A\/R ratio turbine housings. The red line shows            an 84 trim turbo with a 1.01 A\/R housing compared to the same            84mm trim with a 1.15 A\/R. The larger 1.15 shows increased            airflow capacity but would tend to spool slower than the            smaller A\/R housing.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Volumetric Efficiency (VE) also demands some explanation. This          is a number that we will use to determine the capture ratio of          the air flowing through the engine. Because of mechanical          inefficiencies, a basic street engine is not going to be          100-percent efficient in using all the air that flows past the          throttle body. We\u2019re going to put the VE number at 88-percent \u2013          which means we\u2019re not going to capture that last 12-percent of          air.<\/p>\n<p>As an example, if we have a cylinder that was completely          filled, it could capture 10 lbs\/min of air, but the reality is          it will only be able to retain 8.8 lbs\/min. This has a direct          bearing on how much power we can make, so a smaller number will          be more conservative, while a larger number decreases the amount          of air we need to make the same power.<\/p>\n<p>The temperature required for the calculation will use Kelvin,          which is absolute temperature, so to convert from degrees Kelvin          to degrees Fahrenheit, we have to add 150 to the Kelvin standard          of 460. Plus we are also going to use a gas constant (which is          639.6) to make the equation work. Don\u2019t ask why this is          important \u2013 that\u2019s another story entirely.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" id=\"attachment_996589\"          style=\"width: 686px\"><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-58-43_027676.jpg\"            rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-238925];player=img;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"              class=\"size-large wp-image-239053\" style=\"display: inline;\"              alt=\"\"  src=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-58-43_027676.jpg\"              data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" height=\"533\" width=\"676\"><noscript>&lt;img class=&#8221;size-large wp-image-239053&#8243; src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-58-43_027676.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;&#8221; width=&#8221;676&#8243; height=&#8221;533&#8243; \/&gt;<\/noscript><\/a>          <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is Garrett\u2019s GTX4294 or very            similar GTX4202R turbocharger. It is sized slightly smaller            than in mass airflow than our calculated numbers but would be            a good choice for an initial buildup of a stout 6.0L engine            for the street. Options also include sizing the turbine            housing which affects how quickly the turbo will spool up to            make boost.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The manifold pressure required will be represented by the          abbreviation MAPreq and the equation looks like this:<\/p>\n<p><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/06\/snail-selection-science-choose-right-turbo-2018-06-15_20-54-24_786916.jpg\"            rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-238925];player=img;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"              class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-239058\" style=\"display:              inline;\" alt=\"\"  src=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/06\/snail-selection-science-choose-right-turbo-2018-06-15_20-54-24_786916-960x482.jpg\"              data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" height=\"482\" width=\"960\"><noscript><\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The result is expressed as absolute pressure (psia). Justin          Nall lives in Minnesota, where we found an average atmospheric          pressure number for his area of 28.92 inches of mercury which          equates to 14.46 psia. Standard sea level pressure (for          comparison) is 29.92 inches of mercury. So if we take our          calculated 40.48 psia and subtract the ambient air pressure of          14.46, this will give us 26 psig\u2014or the reading we will see on          the boost gauge. This would be the theoretical maximum boost          required to make 900 hp.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad responsive-ads clearfix apply-responsive-ads          clearfix with_sidebar select-cluster_1 processed\" style=\"width:          990px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-left:          -30px; max-width: none;\" data-displayed=\"cluster_1\"          data-group-reponsive=\"desktop\" data-banner-count=\"\"          data-select-cluster=\"cluster_1\">\n<p><input class=\"ad-sizes\" value=\"cluster_1;cluster_2;cluster_3\"              type=\"hidden\"><input class=\"ad-avoid-duplicate\" value=\"1\"              type=\"hidden\"><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Compressor Discharge<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This next step is to calculate the amount of pressure loss that          the system will experience between the discharge side of the          compressor and the intake manifold inlet. If we were using an          intercooler, we would need to know how much pressure would be          lost pushing the boosted air through the cooler. But since we          are assuming no intercooler here, we can use a basic 1 psi loss          of pressure between the compressor outlet and the intake          manifold inlet. It\u2019s called P2c because it\u2019s the pressure of the          outlet.<\/p>\n<p>The formula looks like this:<\/p>\n<p>P2C Compressor Discharge<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P2c= MAPreq + pressure loss between turbo and intake            manifold<\/li>\n<li>Compressor Discharge Pressure Drop = MAPreq + Delta P loss<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Assuming a 1 psi loss:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P2c = 40.48 + 1 psi<\/li>\n<li>P2c = 41.48 psia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" id=\"attachment_996592\"          style=\"width: 970px\"><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-59-59_407101.jpg\"            rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-238925];player=img;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"              class=\"size-large wp-image-239055\" style=\"display: inline;\"              alt=\"\"  src=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_20-59-59_407101-960x1123.jpg\"              data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" height=\"1123\" width=\"960\"><\/a>          <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">It might be helpful to compare this            compressor map of the GTX4202 to the previous GTX4508 map. You            can see how the larger 4508 version will move more air but            will likely be slightly less responsive at lower engine speeds            due to its size.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"ad responsive-ads clearfix apply-responsive-ads          clearfix with_sidebar select-cluster_3 processed\" style=\"width:          990px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-left:          -30px; max-width: none;\" data-displayed=\"cluster_1;cluster_3\"          data-group-reponsive=\"desktop\" data-banner-count=\"\"          data-select-cluster=\"cluster_3\">\n<p><input class=\"ad-sizes\" value=\"cluster_1;cluster_2;cluster_3\"              type=\"hidden\"><input class=\"ad-avoid-duplicate\" value=\"1\"              type=\"hidden\"><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Compressor Inlet Pressure<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Engineers who design turbochargers have to account for all          pressure loses which also includes the amount of pressure loss          we might experience between the inlet air filter and plumbing          that is used on the inlet side of the turbocharger. For this          discussion we will assume a 1 psi loss or drop between the          ambient air pressure and the actual compressor inlet. Because          it\u2019s the first pressure on the inlet side, Garrett calls it          \u201cP1c.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The formula is below:<\/p>\n<p>P1c Compressor Inlet Pressure<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P1c = Ambient Pressure minus (\u2013) Loss Due to Inlet            Restriction<\/li>\n<li>P1c = 14.46 \u2013 1 psi = 13.46 psia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Calculate Pressure Ratio<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If you remember earlier in this story, we looked at compressor          maps and how the vertical scale is expressed in Pressure Ratio.          That\u2019s what we will calculate next. This is actually fairly          simple because all we\u2019re doing is dividing the discharge          pressure by the inlet air pressure. This will be the pressure          ratio that we will plug into our compressor map.<\/p>\n<p>The formula looks like this:<\/p>\n<p>Calculate Pressure Ratio<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P2c \/ P1c<\/li>\n<li>41.48 \/ 13.46 = 3.08 Pressure Ratio<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We now have all the data required to plug into a typical          compressor map. Unlike the classic pirate movie where X marks          the spot of where to dig for the treasure, there are literally          several compressor maps that would appear to work with the          numbers that we\u2019ve generated.<\/p>\n<p>The main inputs again are our 108 lbs\/min of air required along          with a pressure ratio of 3.08. But keep in mind that these are          the peak numbers. There are other factors that will have an          effect on how the turbocharger operates within the system.<br \/>          Justin\u2019s experience has shown him that among the more important          variables is exhaust backpressure. All turbos generate          backpressure and this is especially true with turbos for the          street where the exhaust housing is generally sized smaller to          help the turbo spool quicker.<\/p>\n<p>This relates to what is called the A\/R ratio that relates to          the size of the exhaust housing. Larger A\/R housings reduce          backpressure but also tend to spool slower. According to          Garrett,\u00a0A\/R (Area\/Radius) describes a geometric characteristic          of all compressor and turbine housings. Technically, it is          defined as:\u00a0the inlet (or, for compressor housings, the          discharge) cross-sectional area divided by the radius from the          turbo centerline to the centroid of that area.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" id=\"attachment_996593\"          style=\"width: 970px\"><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_21-01-06_873769.jpg\"            rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-238925];player=img;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"              class=\"size-large wp-image-239056\" style=\"display: inline;\"              alt=\"\"  src=\"https:\/\/www.speednik.com\/files\/2018\/05\/snail-selection-science-how-to-choose-the-right-turbo-2018-05-10_21-01-06_873769-960x626.jpg\"              data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" height=\"626\" width=\"960\"><\/a>          <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">While we estimated inlet air            temperature for our turbo selection without an intercooler,            you can see in this photo that Nall uses an air-to-air            intercooler. As a very rough estimate, you can expect a            quality intercooler to experience roughly a 10-percent            pressure drop, which means at a 20 psi inlet pressure at the            intercooler you might see a loss of pressure to 18 psi. This            is a generic estimate and is affected by a number of            variables.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>After we produced our numbers, we searched through quite a few          turbochargers and selected a turbo that we thought would work \u2013          a GTX4508. We shared our numbers with the Garrett engineers and          they matched a GTX4294R and a GTX4202R to our application. The          engineers said the numbers place the turbo selection somewhere          between these three turbos. Garrett\u2019s selection is a more          conservative choice than our estimate for the Chevelle and much          of this could be considered a compromise between ultimate power          and decent manners on the street. Garrett\u2019s recommendation is          based on much more direct experience and therefore carries          significantly more weight.<\/p>\n<p>The 4202R employs a 76mm inducer and a 102 mm exducer sizes          while the larger GTX4508R is sized up with an 80mm inducer and          106mm exducer. The larger wheel means it will spin up slightly          slower.<\/p>\n<p>In comparing the GTX4202R to the GTX4508, the more aggressive          4508 moves more air, which moves the chart more to the right.          This will make more peak power but likely will not come up on          boost as quickly, all else being the same. We don\u2019t have the          space here to get into how altering the turbine section might be          able to help that, but this also means likely changes in          backpressure as well.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As you can surmise, there\u2019s more than a bit of effort involved          with choosing a turbo and there are many other variables that we          have not discussed. Hopefully this exercise in turbo matching          has helped take some of the mystery out of homing in on the          right turbocharger. You might want to run through more than one          scenario just to get comfortable with the numbers. Have fun with          it and see how changing the numbers has an effect on these boost          devices. You can also use the Garrett Boost Adviser program to          generate the calculations so you don\u2019t have to slog through all          the math. Boost Adviser will ask a few questions and then          provide some turbocharger matches based on your input. You can          also take the calculations and compare points on the compressor          maps to find the selection that suits your application.<\/p>\n<p>All this may appear intimidating at first, but as you work with          it and as you learn more about how turbochargers work, more of          it will make sense. All these calculations are intended to          remove the black magic from choosing a turbocharger.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad responsive-ads clearfix apply-responsive-ads          clearfix with_sidebar select-cluster_2 processed\" style=\"width:          990px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-left:          -30px; max-width: none;\"          data-displayed=\"cluster_1;cluster_3;cluster_2\"          data-group-reponsive=\"desktop\" data-banner-count=\"\"          data-select-cluster=\"cluster_2\">\n<p><input class=\"ad-sizes\" value=\"cluster_1;cluster_2;cluster_3\"              type=\"hidden\"><input class=\"ad-avoid-duplicate\" value=\"1\"              type=\"hidden\"><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <span style=\"text-align:left\"><\/span><\/div>\n<p>    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Jeff Smith June 26, 2018 You don\u2019t need us to tell you that turbochargers are hot. The word on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-techpost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxtorqueperformance.com\/staging\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1772","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxtorqueperformance.com\/staging\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxtorqueperformance.com\/staging\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxtorqueperformance.com\/staging\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxtorqueperformance.com\/staging\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1772"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/maxtorqueperformance.com\/staging\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1772\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxtorqueperformance.com\/staging\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxtorqueperformance.com\/staging\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxtorqueperformance.com\/staging\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}